Soldiers performing Care Under Fire (CUF) make critical life-and-death decisions while shifting between warfighter and medic roles amidst uncertain and changing conditions, under severe time constraints. Effective instruction on these critical decision-making skills, and related tactical and medical skills, requires a combination of instructional methods that span across learning domains and address low to high levels of learning in those domains (Anderson et al., 2001). To be effective, current CUF training includes live training exercises that involve mannequins and other equipment, with sound effects in role play. However, these exercises are resource intensive, costly, and limited in their ability to provide diverse scenarios with realistic stressors, while affording repeated practice opportunities. To overcome such limitations, the Army is exploring ways to leverage immersive technologies, such as Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), and haptic feedback devices and is interested in the optimal placement of these technologies in a CUF training flow concept. The research team first conducted a literature review of the CUF domain. We identified the key CUF decisions to be made, the informational requirements for those decisions, and the goals served by the decisions via a goal directed task analysis (GDTA) (Endsley et al., 2011) which was conducted via a combat medic course observation and interviews with experienced combat medic and combat lifesavers. Data analysis yielded a list of knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs), which were converted to behavioral statements and translated to learning objectives. Learning objectives were decomposed and aligned with learning domains, levels of learning, and the sensory information required to support the level of learning. Available immersive technologies were investigated and aligned with sensory input per learning objective to determine optimal placement of technologies in the training design. This systematic approach yielded a researched, technology-based CUF training flow concept expected to be developed in future research.
Training
Optimal Use of Immersive Technologies for Critical Decision-Making Instruction
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