Modeling and simulation (M&S) capabilities continue to grow within the Department of Defense (DoD), including expansion into novel areas. This evolutionary process invariably exposes some capability shortfalls where the technologies, policies, and/or personnel resources are insufficient to meet all demands, creating “gaps� in the spaces addressed by M&S capabilities. Several successful programs have established processes to understand these gaps and work towards their remediation. In recent years, there has not been an analogous DoD-level gap management framework, and nothing has existed to either provide an understanding of DoD-wide efforts in this area or to remediate emergent gaps. Instead, the DoD has relied on efforts and improvements made at the level of the M&S capability owner and user. This is a viable approach when the DoD use of the M&S capabilities is similar to original intent, but DoD-level adaptations often seek to extend M&S applications beyond those bounds. Additionally, a different class of gaps emerges when requirements at the DoD level dictate combining M&S capabilities in new ways to achieve a more complete representation of the full joint battlespace. This paper describes a new Defense Modeling and Simulation Coordination Office (DMSCO) study for identification, prioritization, cataloguing, and remediation of M&S capability gaps with emphasis on those that impact M&S use at the DoD level. Current efforts to manage capability gaps that have proven valuable for other organizations are reviewed to understand their keys to success. The most successful characteristics (including securing community buyin) are enumerated and the process of adapting these for application in the DoD M&S context is explained. The paper continues with a description of a first-year prototype evaluation, conducted through a process of stakeholder review and comment, and culminates with an explanation of how the revised DMSCO framework could be applied in other areas.