Armed Services are focused on enabling every warfighter at the lowest possible level to make decisions. Training repetitions enabling decision making is paramount at the small unit level (Neller/USMC Commandant, 2015). These units must be adequately trained to execute tactics and procedures in order to avoid a “CNN moment.� In today’s environment, every warfighter is a world ambassador and the media is watching closely. Their ethical decisions and application of the rules of engagement must be part of split second instinctual reaction during mission execution because reduction of civilian casualties is a global strategic issue and priority (Col. Robertson, 2015). The reality is that rules of engagement do not adequately address the benefits of applying measured force through the employment of non-lethal weapons prior to taking lethal action. Likewise, training systems do not support realistic human terrain and behavioral responses to create options to force real world decisions in an environment short of conventional warfare.
This paper will present the potential benefit of incorporating non-lethal weapons into virtual training systems to properly train escalation of force procedures as part of small unit decision making. Included will be the results of a Joint assessment on Virtual Battle Space (VBS3) and the USMC’s Distributed Virtual Training Environment (DVTE), the USA’s Dismounted Soldier Training System (DSTS) as well as the Service Marksmanship Trainers (Indoor Simulated Marksmanship Trainer and the Engagement Skills Trainer 2) to support escalation of force decisions with assistance from Marine Corps, Air Force, Army, and Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC) subject matter experts. Recommendations include correcting the distance to target and adding the fidelity of non-lethal weapons, munitions and devices, target bio-effects and crowd behavioral modeling to support appropriately effective performance and situational awareness.