Simulation-Based Training (SBT) provides consistent, experiential learning opportunities for students throughout the medical domain. One of its benefits is the ability to measure learning outcomes with sensor-based equipment without risk of harm to real patients. Current airway simulators have shown deficiencies including inappropriate pharyngeal airspace, lack of anatomical structures, and tissue rigidity. These attributes require users to exert excessive force during intubation, an intervention used to create an airway adjunct if the existing airway is compromised. When excessive force is translated to real patients the risks for harm (dental damage and vocal cord injury) could be drastically increased. The aforementioned shortcomings in airway simulators prompted the research and development of the Joint Forces Airway Simulator (JFAS), by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory-Human Research and Engineering Directorate, Advanced Training and Simulation Division (ARL-HRED ATSD). This simulator was created with life-like tissues, improved anatomical fidelity, and pressure sensors throughout the oral cavity and airway with the intention of bridging the gap between current simulators and the human patient. The purpose of this study was to use the JFAS to evaluate forces applied to the oral cavity and airway during intubation, as well subjective measures related to ability and usability. In the present study, the JFAS prototype was tested by 15 Emergency Medical Technician-Paramedics. Each participant completed three intubation trials. Self-reported intubation ability, intubation time, and force applied were examined to evaluate training impact. Preliminary data showed a strong positive correlation between self-reported pre- and post-simulation comprehension of intubation skill (r = 0.889, p < 0.001) along with confidence to demonstrate the appropriate intubation forces (r = 0.855, p < 0.001).
Intubation Forces: A Study of a Joint Airway Simulator
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