Simulation-Based Training (SBT) provides consistent, experiential learning opportunities for students throughout
the medical domain. One of its benefits is the ability to measure learning outcomes with sensor-based equipment
without risk of harm to real patients. Current airway simulators have shown deficiencies including inappropriate
pharyngeal airspace, lack of anatomical structures, and tissue rigidity. These attributes require users to exert
excessive force during intubation, an intervention used to create an airway adjunct if the existing airway is
compromised. When excessive force is translated to real patients the risks for harm (dental damage and vocal cord
injury) could be drastically increased. The aforementioned shortcomings in airway simulators prompted the research
and development of the Joint Forces Airway Simulator (JFAS), by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory-Human
Research and Engineering Directorate, Advanced Training and Simulation Division (ARL-HRED ATSD). This
simulator was created with life-like tissues, improved anatomical fidelity, and pressure sensors throughout the oral
cavity and airway with the intention of bridging the gap between current simulators and the human patient. The
purpose of this study was to use the JFAS to evaluate forces applied to the oral cavity and airway during intubation,
as well subjective measures related to ability and usability.
In the present study, the JFAS prototype was tested by 15 Emergency Medical Technician-Paramedics. Each
participant completed three intubation trials. Self-reported intubation ability, intubation time, and force applied were
examined to evaluate training impact. Preliminary data showed a strong positive correlation between self-reported
pre- and post-simulation comprehension of intubation skill (r = 0.889, p < 0.001) along with confidence to
demonstrate the appropriate intubation forces (r = 0.855, p < 0.001).