The world has changed in the past ten years to affect Intelligence Modeling and Simulation (M&S) more than almost any other defense area. Developing new Intelligence capabilities is challenging due to the criticality of Intelligence in current operations as well as increasing scrutiny and related policy aspects. These considerations exist against the backdrop of a flood of new information. The US Army has a major challenge in identifying and prioritizing Intelligence research needs. The research decisions made now for Intelligence training, analysis and acquisition will impact operations as much, or more, than any other M&S decisions made over the next decade. This paper describes a rigorous Gap Analysis conducted for the U.S. Army Modeling and Simulation Office (AMSO) as part of a larger Capability Portfolio Review (CPR) of Army M&S. The identified gaps span Intelligence as well as Sensor M&S research. This analysis was conducted over a period of approximately one year, starting with an identification of 10 crucial gap areas by a team of Subject Matter Experts (SMEs). The team further refined the initial gaps which resulted in over 40 detailed gaps, including prioritization of the gaps and recommended Courses of Action (COA) to resolve each gap. We focus on the methodology for identifying the gap areas. While engineers tend to identify Materiel software and hardware needs – many of the gaps involve processes, i.e. DOTL as part of the DOTMLPF - Doctrine, Organization, Training, Materiel, Leadership & Education, Personnel, and Facilities framework. The identified gaps address how best to meet new requirements for the Operational Environment (OE) and needs for representation of an everevolving threat environment. High-level results of the gap analysis, as well as potential M&S trends, will also be presented. This case study is intended to be useful for similar efforts in other Services and nations.