With a smaller U.S. Army active force, the readiness of Army National Guard and Reserve units has greater importance. To support needed training, Congress funded a Virtual Training Program (VTP) for Reserve Component units using simulator facilities available at Fort Knox, KY, including the Simulation Networking (SIMNET) system. This research examined the effectiveness of the VTP during initial developmental trials with SIMNET exercises to validate the training approach adopted in the program. The program design established a structured framework for training across a sequence of exercises and for the training process within exercises.
The SIMNET VTP includes about 100 exercises (called tables) that provide practice on tasks critical to performing fundamental tactical operations, and to offensive and defensive missions. Subgroups of tables deliver intensive training for specific types of platoon, company, or battalion-sized units in a two-day weekend drill period. The training is guided by highly trained observer/controllers (O/Cs) who conduct the SIMNET exercises and lead after-action reviews with the participants. During table execution, the O/Cs follow detailed event guides to ensure that conditions requiring performance of specific planned tasks occur during each table exercise.
More than 75% of the National Guard and Reserve units in the VTP trials completed 4-6 SIMNET tables in a two-day training period. Measures obtained from trained observers, VTP O/Cs, and VTP participants were used as training effectiveness indicators. Observers recorded the: (a) time taken to complete a table, (b) unit tactical errors, and (c) coaching provided by the O/Cs. The O/Cs rated unit performance in each table, identifying subtasks that the units performed adequately, and subtasks needing improvement. Soldiers serving in leadership positions with the participating units estimated their unit's proficiency before and after training on a seven-point scale. Results from all of these indicators provided convergent evidence for training effectiveness.