In order to solve complex decision problems, a ship's Combat Information Center (CIC) team members must develop the ability to manage information flow among themselves. This paper describes research conducted using a Multimedia training simulation, called the Team Model Trainer (TMT), that was designed to enhance knowledge of communication flow. Observations of and interviews with CIC training teams resulted in a description of team knowledge structures. Details about information flow regarding who says what, to whom, and when it is said were developed. This team knowledge structure, or mental model, became the training goal for individuals learning with the TMT. The TMT is a PC-based training device that employs an audio simulation of team member communications and a visual simulation of scenarios designed to shape the mental model of team role structures. Findings based on participation by Navy personnel suggest that TMT not only improves individual knowledge about other team member roles, but also improves team performance. Recommendations for application and future research include: a) providing opportunities to practice team communications, b) providing immediate feedback on performance, c) using a standalone PC-based system in conjunction with other team training, and d) developing strategies for measuring team mental models of complex knowledge structures.
Enhancing Team Performance in Tactical Environments: The Team Model Trainer
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