The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of reducing the crew of OPFOR surrogate vehicles at the National Training Center (NTC) from three to two through the introduction of automation. Cooperative (Blue force vehicle with beacon, transponder or reflector; OPFOR vehicle with cueing and line-of-sight sensors) and Non-Cooperative (Automated Target Recognition) automation concepts for surveillance and target engagement functions were developed based on an analysis of current OPFOR crew tasks, and constraints and requirements of the NTC. Parallel hardware/software tradeoffs, and human performance modeling efforts were undertaken. The Baseline and Reduced-Crew configurations were demonstrated in a combat vehicle simulator. The results show that a millimeter wave radar and Cooperative Beacon system for target cueing, augmented with low-light-level television for line-of-sight sensing is the preferred automation option, even though it is not a totally on-board, self-contained solution. The modeling and simulation results indicate that the use of an automated gunner could potentially improve the OPFOR vehicle's target engagement performance to an unacceptably high level. If such a system were developed, it would have to be "tuned" to achieve realistic engagements, and implemented in such a way as to avoid the perception of unfair advantage for the OPFOR.