Abstract
This paper examines the human factors research informing the design and implementation of Common Operating Pictures (COPs) in emergency response. By integrating live data feeds and geospatial mapping, the DC Fire and EMS Department (DCFEMS) has transformed its approach to incident management—from dispatch to demobilization—through Geographic Information System (GIS) and related dashboards. Utilizing operational feedback and case studies from the DCFEMS, this paper examines how COPs enhance situational awareness, facilitate interagency coordination, and support rapid, data-driven decision-making in high-pressure environments. Special attention will be given to the unique operational challenges of the nation’s capital, including multi-agency collaboration and responses to large-scale events such as protests, motorcades, and complex urban fires. Additionally, this presentation will emphasize applying human-centered design principles to ensure these tools remain intuitive and operationally effective for front-line firefighters and command staff. Specifically, we will outline how real-time information has reduced response times in DC's high-density urban environment, minimized resource conflicts across overlapping jurisdictions, and improved safety outcomes during large-scale incidents, including multi-alarm fires and region-wide emergency operations.