Keywords
DEEP LEARNING;EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES;MACHINE LEARNINGLearning Objective 1
• Contrast what machine learning is and what it is notLearning Objective 2
• Identify opportunities to use ML in training, simulation, and educationLearning Objective 3
• Compare the different types of functionality current machine learning algorithms can provideLearning Objective 4
• Apply “the basic idea” of how machine learning works and what makes it challengingLearning Objective 5
• Analyze the mechanics of how to make an algorithm learn effectively and where it might fail • Evaluate the types of human learning that are still a challenge for machinesAbstract
The field of Machine Learning (ML) began in the 1950s, and it became a major, widespread research area in the 1980s. Over the past 10-20 years, innovations in computer hardware, computer languages, computer memory, and new algorithms have kicked off a rapid escalation in the capabilities of ML systems. As a result, the common refrain from stakeholders is “I want my system to learn!” But what does it really mean for a system be able to learn? When is it a good idea and when is it not? What kinds of things are computers good at learning, and where are there still weaknesses? How does this all work, really?
This tutorial abstracts away from the mathematical and computational details to offer a high-level understanding of “how ML works”, as well as its capabilities, strengths, and weaknesses, The tutorial presents the broad categories of learning that current ML approaches address, together with examples that provide an intuitive feel for how each approach is able to work, without delving into the specifics of the complicated math that provides much of the “magic”. The tutorial also investigates the “art” behind the science, introducing the work an ML practitioner needs to add to apply these powerful algorithms successfully to new problems.
The tutorial finishes by summarizing some of the types of human learning that are still on the ML frontier, waiting to be understood and conquered, as well as an overview of methods to decide which parts of your problem might be best suited to non-learning algorithms.