Next generation frameworks have been developed to support large-scale pattern-of-life simulations. These simulations are paramount to assess the consequence of hazardous events in urban environments and to develop effective emergency response strategies to these events. CAE has been prototyping large-scale pattern of life simulations in real time, human-in-the-loop operations for concept development, course of action analysis, and training. The simulation of bomb explosions is a critical component of emergency response simulations and provides valuable insights into the potential effects of an explosion on infrastructure and populations. This paper will report three simulation scenarios of Ammonium Nitrate/Fuel Oil (ANFO) explosions in urban areas of Tallin, Estonia. The blast simulations were simulated with Blastfoam, a compressible flow solver for high-explosive detonations and airblasts that integrates easily with other computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software such as OpenFoam. Detonations ranging from 5,000-10,000 lbs of a fertilizer lorry in the areas of Tallin’s Freedom Square, the Stadium and Town Square were simulated. The simulations considered the variability of explosive charge, surrounding infrastructure including buildings, terrain topology and street corridors. The framework was integrated within CAE’s core servers, including the importation of 3D urban geometry from CAE’s visual databases and CAE’s Single Synthetic Environment (SSE) server for visualization of the blast pressure waves. A 76-core Azure Virtual Machine was used for meshing and running the CFD solver for up to 1000 milliseconds. The blast pressures imported into the SSE server converted spatial and temporal distributions of pressure data into probabilities of human casualties. The paper will demonstrate the effectiveness of using advanced frameworks and pattern-of-life simulations as a crucial tool for training emergency responders and evaluating the efficacy of response plans.
Keywords
PATTERN OF LIFE, SIMULATIONS
Additional Keywords
detonations, emergency response