Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) are used by military organizations for precise positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) services. GNSS systems, however, are vulnerable to attacks including jamming and spoofing. These attacks can block GPS signal reception entirely or can cause users to appear at incorrect locations, resulting in operation disruption and safety issues. For example, during the current Russian-Ukraine war, Russian forces have faced widespread GPS disruption caused by long-range drone-based GPS jamming attacks by Ukraine. The modern warfighter is vulnerable to such PNT-based attacks, and as a result needs to train on identification and mitigation of PNT-based attacks to retain full military operational capabilities in the modern battlespace.

To support multidomain operations (MDO) training in this complex operational environment, the Army’s Live, Virtual, Constructive, and Gaming (LVC&G) training systems need to incorporate realistic PNT disruption effects. However, in many cases, current LVC&G systems lack sufficient modeling of the GPS satellite constellation. In this work, we describe our initial efforts to provide an architecture to integrate high-fidelity modeling of GPS signal information into the synthetic training environment. We established an architecture, toolset, and approach to communicate GPS signal information produced by the GPS Interference and Navigation Tool (GIANT) into the simulation driven training environment, where GPS jamming and spoofing effects are placed on simulated GPS receivers. The Cyberspace Battlefield Operating System Simulation (CyberBOSS) system provides an integrating architecture between GIANT and simulated GPS receivers in the One Semi-Automated Forces (OneSAF) system. This approach supports scenarios that incorporate detailed effects of operating in a GPS-degraded environment, including disruption of navigation and weapon fire tasking. We discuss the next steps to be taken to further integrate detailed PNT modeling into simulation-driven exercises, including future coordination with live training participants.

Keywords
CYBER, ELECTRONIC WARFARE, JAMMING, LVC

Additional Keywords
Positioning Navigation and Timing, Cyberspace, Cyber Effects, Multidomain Operations, Global Positioning System