The modern digital world imposes key constraints and opportunities on how best to sustain a global force. On the one hand, the scale of available digital data and the pace of technological change demand solutions that can adapt quickly to massive amounts of data and rapid development of new capabilities. On the other hand, the increased digitization of information provides opportunities to exploit these enormous amounts of data, if only adequate technology can be employed to exploit the data. One of the best emerging candidates for exploiting this data is the rapidly advancing field of machine learning. The ability to automatically extract lessons and patterns from large amounts of data has the potential to be an essential force multiplier for improving effectiveness and rapid adaptation of training, simulation, and education.
The field of Machine Learning (ML) began in the 1950s, and it became a major, widespread research area in the 1980s. Over the past 10-20 years, innovations in computer hardware, computer languages, computer memory, and new algorithms have kicked off a rapid escalation in the capabilities of ML systems. As a result, the common refrain from stakeholders is “I want my system to learn!” But what does it really mean for a system be able to learn? When is it a good idea and when is it not? What kinds of things are computers good at learning, and where are there still weaknesses? How does this all work, really?
This tutorial abstracts away from the mathematical and computational details to offer a high-level understanding of “How ML Works”, as well as its capabilities, strengths, and weaknesses, The tutorial presents the broad categories of learning that current ML approaches address, together with examples that provide an intuitive feel for how each approach is able to work, without delving into the specifics of the complicated math that provides much of the “magic”. The tutorial also investigates the “art” behind the science, introducing the work an ML practitioner needs to add to apply these powerful algorithms successfully to new problems.
The tutorial finishes by summarizing some of the types of human learning that are still on the ML frontier, waiting to be understood and conquered, as well as an overview of methods to decide which parts of your problem might be best suited to NON-learning algorithms.
Keywords
AI, MACHINE LEARNING