Extended Reality (XR) encompasses technologies that blend virtual and real environments, including Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Mixed Reality (MR). These emerging technologies are on the verge of mass adoption, as more devices are being sold and more domains are exploring unique applications. As interactive technology advances, so does its application to education and training. For example, e-learning, gamification, and immersive learning environments have all seen significant growth in utilization in recent years. In this vein, XR promises to provide a powerful capability to disseminate a vast array of instructional content appropriate for all types of learners. Given the recent increase in user interest and commercial adoption, XR is primed to greatly impact education and training – as it is currently doing in military, entertainment, and e-commerce domains. New opportunities for education and training afforded by XR have been increasingly recognized by researchers and practitioners alike. Because of the immense educational benefits, it has been argued that XR is one of the key emerging technologies for education and training. The concomitance of the real environment overlaid with virtual objects allows for visualization of abstract concepts and complex spatial relationships. It also provides the possibility to experience phenomena that are not possible, or safe to perform, in the real world. In general, XR technologies have the capability to disseminate a vast array of instructional content ranging in fidelity, complexity, affordances, and limitless combinations of virtual and real components. Given the increasing ubiquity of emerging XR technologies in education and training, it is imperative that course content creators and instructional system designers leverage relevant previous theoretical and empirical contributions to direct and optimize knowledge acquisition, transfer, and retention in XR educational and training applications. This tutorial will discuss research-based instructional strategies for guiding the design of XR educational and training content. Within the tutorial, the impact of learner’s proficiency level, scenario elements (e.g., stressors, complexity, assistance, etc., and instantiation of formative evaluations are all considered with respect to their impact on XR training efficacy. This tutorial is meant to serve as a guide to drive effective and efficient design of XR educational and training applications. By the end of this tutorial, attendees will be able to implement effective techniques for designing XR-based training applications.