The effectiveness of artificially-intelligent adaptive instructional systems (AISs) has highlighted a need in the US military (e.g., Army Synthetic Training Environment) for intelligent, tailored, guided instruction for both individuals and teams. AISs are able to automatically adjust feedback, support, and challenge level of instruction to focus instruction to the specific needs of individual learners and teams. The marketplace for AISs (e.g., intelligent tutoring systems and intelligent mentors) has grown to a point where the IEEE standards community sees merit in developing standards and recommended practices for AIS conceptual modeling, interoperability and evaluation under Project 2247. The prevalence of AI in the IITSEC community highlights the need to understand the basics of AIS design, development, deployment, and evaluation. This tutorial provides a fundamental overview of military needs, emerging standards, conceptual models, adaptive strategies, authoring processes, and the AIS marketplace. We are proposing this tutorial as an introduction to adaptive instructional systems, tools and methods.