The risk of adversaries instigating mass human migration, refugee flows and crowd formations in the battlespace requires mitigation because unexpected population movements can adversely impact the United States and its partners' operations abroad. Even relatively small gatherings of non-combatants, especially at urban choke points can have repercussions that impact military operations which may rely on smooth traffic flow within a city’s roads and infrastructure. Simulation in the field of Pattern of Life Analytics is critically important to the military because it may lead to improvements in predicting patterns of movement and other behaviors that are realistic, reliable, and repeatable among non-military populations. To date there has been insufficient modeling of the representation of the political, economic and social conditions within the operational environment (OE) and effects on combatants and noncombatants. The Army Studies Program funded the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) to work in 2019 with TRADOC G-2 Modeling and Simulations to develop a methodology and model for population migration to simulate and predict non-combatant movement and identify potential impacts in the OE. The combination of NPS’ SMDM and the Army’s Athena models provided unique insights to OE characterization, risk assessment, synchronization, and course of action development. The lessons learned from results of using SMDM to provide anticipatory analytics for noncombatant population migration in the battle space have enabled improved modeling of noncombatant population migrations and tipping points. This means that as future information operations and physical events are initiated by adversaries in an area, this work will allow a better understanding of first and second order impacts of non-combatant population movement in the battlespace. Lessons learned from this work will highlight how to better simulate and predict non-combatant movement and identify potential impacts in the OE using the methodologies developed in this important effort.
Population Migration Decision-Making
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