There are increasing requirements for automated reasoning abilities across the broad spectrum of modeling and simulation, as well as in battlefield information and control systems.  Additionally, the cognitive capabilities that have been developed and tested in simulation are migrating to real-world systems.  Cognitive systems represent a maturing computational approach to intelligence that can provide robust, scalable, and adaptive decision making.  This tutorial provides an introduction to cognitive systems, concentrating on production system computation and high-level design of human-like reasoning systems.  We draw examples and comparisons from existing cognitive systems, focusing on the tradeoffs between cognitive and non-cognitive modeling approaches.  The tutorial content does not require any specialized knowledge, but some experience with software engineering or behavior modeling can be helpful.  Attendees will learn to recognize problems that suggest cognitively based solutions, and they will be better able to assess risks, costs, and benefits of different approaches.  This tutorial is targeted toward developers who might be interested in cognitive approaches to software engineering, as well as customers who have problems that may be amenable to a cognitive approach.