The U.S. Army has invested significantly in manikin technology to train procedural skills associated with military medical training in diverse simulated environments. Training equipment needs to be rugged and reliable to endure austere conditions but refined enough to provide training solutions with appropriate fidelity. A manikin or Part-Task Trainer (PTT) possessing those qualities that accurately trains venipuncture and injection procedures has historically been a challenge. The goal of the U.S. Army Medical Simulation Training Centers (MSTCs) is to provide Army personnel with more effective technology, tools, and techniques for training Army personnel. As a result, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory Human Research and Engineering Directorate (ARL-HRED) Simulation and Training Technology Center (STTC) was sponsored by the U.S. Army Program Executive Office for Simulation, Training and Instrumentation (PEO STRI) to develop a next-generation venipuncture and injection PTT, that is more realistic, durable, and cost effective to teach these lifesaving skills. The primary objective is to develop a proof of concept device that demonstrates the viability of the materials, the electrical/mechanical design, and the technical approach. The research focused on identifying innovative technologies, technical risks of the approach, costs, and benefits associated with development and demonstration of the prototype. Additionally, a usability study was conducted with first responders to gather feedback and assess whether the initial prototype met training requirements. This paper will discuss in detail how training requirements impacted the design of the training system and also explore the criteria used to develop the overall design, as well as the identification of specific capabilities. In addition, it will explain how subject matter expertise was utilized to develop requirements and performance metrics used to evaluate the feasibility of the concept. Finally, it will review results from usability evaluations and lessons learned from the development and implementation of this project.
Development and Evaluation of a Venipuncture and Phlebotomy Training System
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