As the United States Air Force’s budget continues to shrink, so does the budget for live fly training. This drives aircrews to increase their usage of virtual trainers. These reduced budget constraints will directly impact live training ranges such as the Pacific Air Force’s (PACAF) Joint Pacific Alaska Range Complex (JPARC) ability to fund live aircraft participation in joint exercises such as Red Flag-Alaska and Northern Edge. One approach to reduce live exercise costs is to provide critical Command and Control (C2) platforms such as E-3, E-8, and RC-135V/W as virtual assets.
The JPARC has taken this approach and has integrated the Combat Air Force Distributed Mission Operations (CAF DMO) E-3 and E-8C mission training centers to support live training exercises. The integration of these virtual C2 platforms required the merging of two disparate training architectures, the CAF DMO Virtual-Constructive solution and the JPARC’s live range solution. A primary difference among these architectures is the standards each are based on. CAF DMO implements the Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) standard while the JPARC implements the Test and Training Enabling Architecture (TENA). The merging of TENA and DIS architectures has resulted in significant challenges. (1) How to accurately model live airspace in the DIS domain with multiple live aircraft data sources, (2) live-to-virtual and virtual-to-live radio communications, (3) tactical data links, and (4) inconsistencies of live data. These challenges proved vital to accurately representing the live battlespace for C2 assets.
To overcome the difficulties of merging two disparate architectures with individually unique standards, the JPARC utilized a progressive solution that enabled bi-directional information to be accurately exchanged, formatted, and processed between TENA and DIS architectures. Our paper will discuss this solution and lessons learned during the integration of virtual C2 platforms into live fly exercises.
Integrating Distributed Virtual Command and Control Platforms into Live Training
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