The purpose of this paper is to present the results of our recent experimentation involving a novice population
performing aerial door gunnery training in a mixed reality simulation. Specifically, we examined the effect that
different visual displays had on novice soldier performance; qualified infantrymen with machine gun experience.
The results of this study differed from the findings of our first study, which utilized an expert population of qualified
helicopter crew members.
The U.S. Army continues to develop new and effective ways to use simulation for training. One example is the Non-
Rated Crew Member Manned Module (NCM3), a simulator designed to train helicopter crewmembers in critical,
high risk tasks. Novice participants were randomly assigned to one of two visual display treatments (flat screen or
Head-Mounted Display) and executed three aerial door gunnery training scenarios in the NCM3. Independent
variables were visual display, trial, immersive tendency and simulator sickness questionnaire scores. Dependent
variables included performance, presence and simulator sickness change scores. The performance results of this
study differed from our first study and indicated there was a main effect of visual display on performance. However,
both visual treatment groups experienced the same degree of presence and simulator sickness. Results of this study
indicate that higher immersive simulation may lead to better performance for a novice population.