Despite the asymptotic approach to the limits of transistor-based CPUs, there remains a general expectation of improved computational performance. Quantum Computing is advanced by many as the next major breakthrough that will satisfy those expectations. The adiabatic form of quantum computing has advanced from theory to practice in only twelve years. The authors report early results of more than a year's experience on an Adiabatic Quantum Annealer at the University of Southern California (USC) - Lockheed Martin Quantum Computing Center, located at USC's Information Sciences Institute (ISI). This device heralds the emergence of a new age of Quantum Computing, which has the potential for overcoming heretofore intractable computational challenges, thereby improving simulations, enhancing decision support, and enabling innovative data management. The paper first describes quantum annealing and the theoretical orders of magnitude improvements it may deliver. It then outlines the D-Wave installation at ISI and gives examples of early results. Using these data as foundations, the potential in the realm of DoD simulation is discussed, based on the authors' substantial experience with the SAF family of battlefield simulations, including experiments such as U.S. JFCOM's Urban Resolve. The decades of research and operations in High Performance Computing, as well as experience with the promise and the limits of technologies such as GPUs and Cell Processors, are used to give an objective over-view of what the members of the modeling and simulation community should realistically expect from this new capability. A range of the simulation-specific problems that should be amenable to this new technology are listed, along with a few areas that the authors believe will not benefit from the various types of Quantum Computing. Real data will be adduced to support their conclusions and to substantiate their predictions and timelines.