The Air Force relies on the Academy Flight Screening (AFS) program at the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) to screen, motivate, and prepare pilot candidates for entry into Undergraduate Pilot Training (UPT). In this training, cadets are taught principles and techniques used in basic flying operations. In order to assess the effects of this training, we compare knowledge structures obtained from individuals that have completed AFS with knowledge structures obtained from individuals that have not graduated from AFS. Each subject was presented 435 pairs of basic aviation concepts and asked to rate their relatedness. These ratings were used to develop pathfinder networks and measures of internal consistency. Results show differences in cadets' understanding of important flying concepts. In addition, networks obtained from AFS graduates are more similar to one another than the nongraduates. Analysis of knowledge structures using pathfinder was also shown to be a useful adjunct to performance-based methods of assessing training already employed in AFS.