Modeling and simulation developments have resulted in high fidelity pilot-in-the-loop flight simulators providing realistic training environments. Modeling challenges continue to exist, in particular for accurate simulation of the near-ship environment critical to landing a helicopter onto the flight deck of a moving ship with various wind conditions. Providing an effective simulated environment requires modeling of the highly unsteady airwake resulting from bluff-body aerodynamic interactions of the ship superstructure and hangar near the flight deck and in close proximity to the ship as it passes through the airstream. This paper describes the development of a U.S. Navy rotary wing flight simulation with turbulence effects including high-fidelity representation of the ship airwake environment. The spatially-varying and time-varying flow field around the ship is determined off-line using a hybrid, inviscid CFD methodology that is well-suited for representing the turbulent environment several ship lengths downwind from the flight deck with moderate computational requirements. Results from this off-line analysis are formulated into a ship airwake database for multiple landing platforms and wind-over-deck conditions suitable for real-time pilot-in-the-loop virtual simulation. The paper describes the development of the simulation flight dynamics model, development and validation of the CFD-based ship airwake flow fields, and integration of the ship airwake database within the aerodynamic model. Implementation issues associated with integrating the ship airwake database into the flight dynamics model associated with real-time implementation and memory management are identified, and the approach to overcome these issues are described.
Computational Fluid Dynamics for Flight Simulator Ship Airwake Modeling
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