The widespread introduction of C2 systems in the Netherlands armed forces changes operations and consequently Training and Simulation needs. C2 systems need to be integrated in many of the existing and future training systems. In order to reduce maintenance and development cost it is desirable to use the operational C2 systems also in the simulation environment. Both the C2 and M&S domain independently aim for interoperability, uniformity and reuse of methods and assets. These two domains now need to come together. The objective of our recent study was to align the Netherlands C2 and M&S architectural approaches, focusing on operational, training and technical needs. The Netherlands is developing a generic, configurable and distributed C2 information system using an evolutionary process. Based on this system, a suite of C2 applications will be deployed, providing staff, vehicles and individual combatants with a common operational picture. Joint and single-service collective training in the Netherlands requires interoperable systems that can be upgraded with the introduction of new weapon systems. The Netherlands armed forces Simulation Expertise Centre is closely involved in the acquisition of training systems and ensures that these adhere to open, international standards. The development cycles for the in-house developed C2 systems are typically much shorter than acquisition cycles for training systems. Programmatic and technical guidance is needed to assure continuing C2 and Training Systems interoperability. This paper presents and discusses the findings of the study, including technical guidelines and recommendations for evolutionary implementation.