The Joint Forces Command (JFCOM) conducts Joint Urban Operation (JUO) exercises in synthetic battlespace using human-directed computer simulation tools such as Joint Semi-Automated Forces (JSAF) to support ongoing joint war-fighting efforts. A component of these experiments is that of human-in-the-loop (HITL) interactions where human players impact the outcome of the exercise. This is in contrast to Monte Carlo constructive experiments that only involve computer behavior. The need to objectively measure the effectiveness of human players and their interaction with the simulation environment requires quantitative metrics to supplement more qualitative observer-based judgments. Situation awareness (SA), a cognitive behavior captured in HITL experiments, involves the perception and comprehension of forces and events in a situation, and a prediction of their future status, Endsley (1995). Objectively measuring SA is drawing intense interest because this knowledge is crucial to successful decision-making processes (C2).

Building upon work presented at I/ITSEC 2004 (An Interdisciplinary Approach to the Study of Battlefield Simulation Systems, paper 1886), we adopt a cognitive-computational approach for measuring SA based on Situation Model theory. Situation models are complex mental representation of events. As events unfold, these mental representations must be updated to maintain an accurate representation. Prior research has demonstrated that situation models are updated along a number of dimensions. These dimensions reflect information about entities, space and time coordinates, participants' goals, and the causal relationships of events. We utilize the information encapsulated in SA objects (SAOs), recorded during the JUO exercises, to develop a tool that automatically monitors players' SA and evaluate the importance of these dimensions on situation awareness over the time course of the experiment and on the three levels of SA. Our findings have practical implications for subsequent training, product development, and extend the knowledge base of cognitive behavior.