Global network connectivity has made it possible for individuals distributed around the world to interact in common virtual environments. Commercially available Massive Multi-Player Games (MMPG) allow dozens to hundreds of participants to work together in simulated locations, often displaying high degrees of coordination to accomplish complex goals. The potential of this type of interaction to be used for training purposes has not gone unnoticed. Individuals who are unable to gather physically for training can assemble more easily in a virtual environment. DARWARS, an initiative that aims to support a diverse array of distributed simulation-based military instruction, is being developed to take advantage of the opportunities afforded by wide-spread network connectivity. The current project, Gorman's Gambit, was designed to investigate the capability of existing MMPGs to support training, and to identify resources that would need to be developed to increase the training effectiveness of such applications. We conducted an exercise using an existing Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS) game. A scenario was designed to support behaviors indicative of effective teamwork. Forty members of the U.S. Army infantry at Ft. Benning, GA participated. The attributes of the in-game characters controlled by each soldier were manipulated to encourage coordination among participants. Trained observers monitored performance in three thirty minute sessions, and recorded instances of teamwork using a template based on the existing team performance literature. Collectively, results indicate that the MMPG genre may be a functional model to emulate for distributed multi-user military training. However, the results also highlight several inherent challenges with using COTS gaming systems for assessment-intensive applications such as military teamwork training. Our results strengthen the argument that MMPGs are a plausible platform for training. However, it is clear that additional training components would need to be developed. The lessons learned will inform development of Massive Multi-Player Training technology.
Assessing the Potential of Massive Multi-Player Games to be Tools for Military Training
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