With the U.S. Army's rollout of Future Combat Systems Family of Systems, there will be the introduction of radically new technologies to the field (Welch, 2003). Embedded training with mixed reality technologies is viewed as an innovative training approach that will enable the training of individual, crew, and leaders tasks on the assigned vehicles and equipment en route to a mission. Problem-based embedded training (PBET) has been introduced as an instructional methodology that will provide a systematic design framework for embedded training. As part of the development of this methodology, a scaffolding framework was developed to help learners in develop greater expertise in strategic planning, problem solving, leadership, and decision-making. Scaffolding, which are support tools designed to help learners develop greater expertise and self-reliance, are necessary to providing just-in-time support in learning environments that are cognitively and technologically complex. Thus, this scaffolding framework was developed for problem-based embedded training in a mixed reality learning environment it serves learners as well as instructional designers who are creating these types of environments. A heuristic evaluation was conducted on the framework, and the results of this evaluation are described as well as implications for future design and implementation within embedded training environments using mixed reality technologies.
Developing an Embedded Scaffolding Framework to Support Problem-Based Embedded Training (PBET) using Mixed and Virtual Reality Simulations
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