It is frequently suggested that liquid crystal displays (LCDs) could be tiled to provide full-field-of-view, high-resolution images for flight simulation. However, even though LCDs can create static images of high quality, moving images often appear blurred and of relatively low contrast. This motion-dependent reduction in image quality is usually ascribed to the temporal properties of LCD pixels. Nonetheless, the problem does not seem to be generally well understood. Here we attempt to clarify the issue. We begin with a comparison of the temporal and corresponding temporal-frequency responses of hypothetical LCD and cathode ray tube (CRT) pixels. We then examine the spatiotemporal-frequency spectra of space-time images formed during simulated flight: the original, continuous image; the digital-image sequence; the display image; the retinal images; and the "perceptual image." In this analysis, we focus on the effects of a pixel's temporal response on the display-image spectrum and the effects of direction-of-gaze motion on a retinal-image spectrum. In the final section, we discuss predicted perceptual effects of display-determined spatiotemporal-frequency attenuation and present data indicating that, during smooth pursuit of a simple stimulus that is successively displaced in accord with a constant velocity, observers' spatial percepts can be accurately predicted.
Liquid-Crystal Displays and Moving-Image Quality
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