The United States Navy views the future in terms of asymmetric threats, which can impede its access to the littorals. To counter these threats, the Navy seeks to exploit modern digital information technology to establish knowledge superiority over potential adversaries thus maintaining the tactical advantage. To date, there has been little discussion about the role of human operators and decision makers in these strategic and operational constructs aside form vague references to the "knowledgeable warfighter" and "reach back" knowledge centers that augment the on-scene tactical view. Moreover, the standard practice of combat systems and training systems design - thinking about the human last - almost inevitably results in sub-optimal performance, and can potentially lead to disaster during crisis or conflicts (particularly given the complexity just described).

This paper describes how the current vision for future naval warfare translates into specific human performance requirements. We then describe several emerging training technologies that will be useful in meeting the unprecedented demands that our warfighters will confront. We conclude with recommendations for science and technology investments in training and human performance that we believe are crucial for success in the 21^st century.