A team of training technologists has developed an acquisition structure to help the Navy Airborne Weapons Training Program in managing the development of desk-top training systems by the private sector. The goal of the structure is to meet the special requirements of the users: NAVAIR managers, Navy trainers, and the fleet. Developing interactive training systems requires the application of three engineering disciplines: software engineering, instructional design, and human factors engineering. Each discipline has an associated set of military standards and Data Item Descriptions (DIDs), but these usually have not been applied together in the acquisition of training systems. The cost involved in using three sets of standards and DIDs becomes prohibitive, especially for procuring desk-top computer-based systems. The alignment of the three development processes is not specified by existing guidelines. This paper offers a way to specify the objectives of training and to ensure that they are met during the software development process; it also suggests how to integrate human factors engineering up-front at an affordable level that includes the recognition of cognitive and affective factors in the training process. Ultimately, it specifies software documentation and development that should lead to generic programs that can be maintained and supported by the procuring organization. The acquisition structure is summarized in a matrix that aligns the review of documentation supporting each engineering process in an integrated development cycle. The matrix is a map of the planning, analysis, design, and development phases that coordinates the data deliverables for training, human factors, and software development. Only through the successful integration of the three disciplines—software engineering, instructional design, and human factors engineering—can future training goals be reached.
Teamwork and Data Deliverables: A Map to Software and Training Design Integration
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