The use of flight simulators, computer-based instruction and maintenance training simulators for training is evaluated on the basis of their effectiveness and cost. Flight simulators are cost-effective, compared to the use of aircraft, for training; so are maintenance training simulators compared to actual equipment trainers. Computer-based instruction is as effective as conventional instruction; comparable cost data are not yet available, so one cannot say whether it is also cost-effective. These three methods of training are not more effective than the methods to which they were compared, except for small improvements in a few cases. It is possible they could be made more effective if cost savings were not a major goal, but this remains to be determined. The goal of analyses of training should be an ability to perform trade-offs of the effectiveness and costs of new methods of training, but no such trade-offs have yet been made.