Most computer-based instructional (CBI) system development is done using proven technologies in proven ways. Sophisticated development models are available for determining software (e.g., top-down design) and courseware (ISD) decisions and structures in these systems. For state-of-the-art (SOA) CBI system development, however, there are additional probelms peculiar to that form which require specific considerations and solutions. This paper is designed to define the specific characteristics of this type of development and to discuss some of the problems, considerations, and solutions involved in SOA training system research and development. These include personnel concerns, such as work environment characteristics and the type of people best suited to it; management concerns, such as the style of management required; communications concerns, such as the required interaction between different staff disciplines; and the different technical approaches required for this specific form of development.